November 4, 2012

Indian Values: Annadanam

A few posts ago, SLN mentioned that a return to traditional Indian values can help solve many of today's problems. While I instinctively believe that to be true, I also found the statement intriguing in 2 ways:
1. In most religions, the same human values are reiterated- so what qualify as uniquely  'Indian' values that result in the betterment of society?
2. How do we apply these traditional values today, in an urbanized society?

I thought a series of posts that discuss this question can help get to the answers. One such Indian value that I could think of is Annadanam, to which I am devoting this post. Very obviously I am not an expert and am really seeking answers through these discussions than making points.

Why is Annadanam an uniquely Indian value?

1. While all religions exhort their followers to be charitable, there is a specific focus on food  sharing in Hinduism, and in Indian culture.
2. In one way, this value is not about charity at all. Charity implies benefaction, a gift that puts the giver in a morally superior position over the receiver. In Indian culture, it is a duty that is to be accompanied with humility. Partly, it is because the receiver of food historically was often a seeker of truth, a philosopher who has eschewed wealth in search of enlightenment and social benefit. It is difficult to feel a moral ascendancy on such people. Partly it is because of the symbolic importance we give to food- It is a boon of nature, of God (Prasadam), a symbol of divinity and of life, and hence not be treated as just another material possession with which one can associate a pride of acquisition
3. In the wisdom of our scriptures, the gift of food occupies the highest place among all gifts. To quote:

Annadanam Samam Danam Trilokeshu Na Vidhathe
'Annadanam is supreme and incomparable to any charity'.

Also, in the 'santi parva' of the Mahabharata, Yudhishtira asks Lord Krishna to enlighten him about the essence of Bhishma Pitamaha's erudite discourse on dharma . Lord Krishna says: "The World, both animate and inanimate, is sustained by food. The giver of food is the giver of life and indeed of everything else."

Another quote: Taittiriya Upanishad declares:
annam vai pranah 
annam bahu kurveet
meaning, "All life force comes from food" and "Let food be produced in plenty".

One more: In Bhagavad Gita, Lord Krishna declares:
annad bhavanti bhutani
meaning, "From food all beings are evolved".

All quotes from the post by Miss Swethasri (http://www.indusladies.com/forums/queries-on-religion-and-spirituality/129675-importance-of-annadhanam.html) where she has covered even more ground on this topic.

Of course, stories like the Golden Mangoose figure throughout the puranas that emphasize the same point.

How do we apply this in a modern urban context?

Inevitably, most of us live in cities. With a shifting population and apartment living, there is very little sense of community and hardly any opportunity for giving annadanam directly to the needy. A desire for exclusivity results in physical boundaries between the wealthy and the poor, again minimizing a chance to perform this duty. We lead busy lives, devoted to nurturing ourselves and our families in an increasingly expensive world, with hardly any time or money to spare. These are all facts. How then do we apply this value to our lives? How does it result in improvement of society? Have any of the family members led by example in this respect, including Tatagaru?

What does the family think?

4 comments:

Gowri said...

once it comes to your mind that you are DOING something thevery spirit of it is gone.a small parable.a poor brahmin who had nothing else but a few thotakoora kaadalu gave away them to another poor man.next janma he was born as a rich man .he gave riches to people and asked them "if it is this much for that how much will be for this?"one wise man said only this much for this..never feel it is a duty,or charity.SHARING some thing with others should be part and parcel of yr daily life.if you have some thing left give it away TODAY.need not be to a beggar,let it be yr neighbour ,yr servantmaidetc .donot keep it in the fridge ofcourse this may not apply to nris .The word DAANAM is not a good notation.It creates a gap between the rich and poor.giving a morse of food to the street dog or a few seeds to the crow in the back yard or a few strands of grass to the cow or even pouring a few drops of water to a wilting plant can give SANTHRUPTHI to your soul

SLN said...

What I meant by the traditional Indian culture is true for most old world cultures. Only Christianity and Islam seem to differ there.
"Aham Brahmasmi" (I am Brahma, the supreme being) is one of the principles. But as even an eminent person like Adi Sankara was reminded, there is Brahma in all creatures. This ability to see God in every creature (living and nonliving is the bedrock of their philosophy.

Thus we worship Oceans (Samudrudu, Winds (Vayu devudu), rivers (equated to mothers - Gangamma thalli), Trees(Bodhi Vruksham, Aswatham is equated to Narayana) and Hills(Lord Krishna reminds us of this fact when he says "Let us worship this Govardhana Giri which is sustaining us and our herds-instead of a remote, unseen Indra).

Like the Indians (from the other Continents) who even apologize to their kill for taking its life to sustain themselves, all old cultures valued life and saw God everywhere and in everything.

These were called Pagan thoughts and Man was thought to be a special creation made by God (in his own image) and hence superior to all things on earth. And that all things are there for his use and pleasure.
This kind of thinking has led to the over exploitation of scarce natural resources without a thought for safeguards. Hence the pollution, Ozone hole, Green house effects,hegemonic tendencies, wars and what have you.

Regarding Annadanam--there are two kinds of guests - Athithi and Abhyagathi. One who comes without regard to the auspiciousness of tithi and the other comes without regard to the time (at any odd hour even). They are to be entertained with 16 upacharams and propitiated.
In addition one should share for the pleasure of sharing and to ensure a higher birth or Janmarahithyam as the goals and not for recognition or material gains. You have the ability and fortune to have a surplus and you should share.
Really good people share whatever they have and not only when they have a surplus. They even forgo their share to give to the guest (not yachaka as everyone is a guest). See Sakthuprastha and the one side Gold Mongoose.
I read somewhere the following which puts it succinctly—“This reflects a mindset of abundance in our culture as opposed to the mindset of Scarcity which is slowly taking us over. An abundance mindset is a pre-condition for creating ABUNDANCE. Karma Yoga emphasizes this in many ways. “

As for the urban setting and lack of “targets” for Danam, you should spare time also. Otherwise it will be difficult I agree. May be a 2 hr slot once a month for some such work will be good. Unfortunately the other and easier way of donating to service organizations is not working out fully as they are plagued by corruption etc.

Krupakar said...

Insightful viewpoints as usual, SLN & SGR.

SRN said...

అన్నం పరబ్రహ్మ స్వరూపం (Annam Para Brahma swarupam)
వుదరపోషన నిమిత్తం బహుక్రిత వేషం (vudara poshahana nimitham bahukritha vesham)
Ultimately every body works and earns to eat only. So it is great to realize this and share.
The story goes that great sage Vyasa was angry that he was not given food in time by Kasi Visalakshi and he was about to curse Kasi.Annapurna Devi gave him food, solaced him and asked “you are such great sage who compiled Vedas into 4 parts and wrote Ashtadasa Puranas,but you lose patience and curse Kasi?”.
Seems Vyasa replied “hunger knows no reason.”
SRM used to tell- you may give a man gold or land or money or any thing as Danam, but there is a possibility that he is not satisfied and may want more. If you give him food to his hearts content, he will surely say “no more” with out any reservation and you get full pratifala.That is why annadanam is best.
One main reason that my mother is remembered even after40 years of her death ,not only by family members, but people who know her is that, she was always giving food with affection.Akshara,brought in memory of D.R.garu contains an article about Dokka Seethamma,who used to give food at all times. Seems she was honored by Queen Elizabeth.
Durga says you should give your servants what you eat but not some leftovers.
According to customs a man is supposed to perform 8 duties every day.
1 Sandhya 2.Snanam 3.Japa 4.Homa 5.Devatharchana 6.Athidyam 7.Viswa Devam 8.Brahma Yagnam
We may not be doing this but see that Athidyam is given importance along with Pooja.Ramesh (BIL) told me that he is not able to fulfill that part. As observed by all annadanam is not possible in urban settings or for NRI s.
As SLN said I don’t believe in Saswatha things. It is better to contribute on yearly basis to some good organizations like T.T.D.and ISCON.I have witnessed in Bangalore school children being given hot and clean food for lunch by ISCON.